Child development is typically divided into several key stages based on age. Here’s a breakdown of the main stages during the formative years:
1. Infancy (0-1 year)- Physical Development: Rapid growth, motor skills (rolling over, sitting up).- Cognitive Development: Exploration through senses, beginning of problem-solving.- Social/Emotional Development: Attachment formation, recognition of caregivers.
2. Toddlerhood (1-3 years)- Physical Development: Walking, climbing, fine motor skills (grasping, stacking).- Cognitive Development: Language development (first words, simple sentences), basic understanding of cause and effect.- Social/Emotional Development: Independence starts to emerge, parallel play with other children.
3. Preschool (3-5 years)- Physical Development: Improved coordination, running, jumping, and fine motor skills (drawing).- Cognitive Development: Imaginative play, understanding of time and basic numeracy, vocabulary expansion.- Social/Emotional Development: Learning to share, take turns, and engage in cooperative play.
4. Early Childhood (5-7 years)- Physical Development: Increased strength and coordination, development of sports skills.- Cognitive Development: More complex thinking, understanding of rules and structure, beginning of formal education.- Social/Emotional Development: Developing friendships, understanding emotions, and empathy.
5. Middle Childhood (7-11 years)- Physical Development: Steady growth, increased physical abilities, participation in organized sports.- Cognitive Development: Logical thinking, problem-solving skills, and development of reading and writing.- Social/Emotional Development: More complex friendships, understanding social norms, and developing a sense of self.6. Adolescence (12-18 years)- Physical Development: Puberty, rapid physical changes, and development of sexual characteristics.- Cognitive Development: Abstract thinking, critical thinking skills, and planning for the future.- Social/Emotional Development: Identity exploration, increased independence, and peer influence becomes significant.
These stages provide a framework for understanding child development, though individual children may progress at different rates.
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